Short answer
No. Vaccination is preventive treatment, which Islam allows and encourages. Hanafi scholars permit vaccines in principle. When a vaccine contains a haram ingredient such as pork gelatin, many allow it where there is a real medical need and no halal alternative. The four schools agree on the principle; ask a mufti about a specific vaccine.
Taking medicine to prevent disease is permissible, just like taking it to cure. A vaccine with an impure or forbidden ingredient falls under the rule of treatment with the forbidden: it is permitted in need when reliable doctors advise it and no halal option is available.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
The Sunnah teaches prevention as well as cure. The Prophet ﷺ told people not to enter a land where plague had broken out, and not to leave it if they were already there. He also told them to keep away from contagious disease. Taking precautions is part of using the means Allah created, and it does not go against trust in Him (see is medicine against tawakkul).
Most vaccines contain no haram ingredients. A few use pork gelatin as a stabiliser. When that is the case:
- ask your doctor whether an alternative without it is available, and use it if so
- if there is no alternative and doctors advise the vaccine, many Hanafi muftis allow it because of the need, especially for serious diseases and outbreaks
- some scholars also hold that the gelatin is fully transformed, which makes the case lighter still; see gelatin in medicine
The four schools agree that prevention is allowed and that necessity lifts a prohibition, though they differ on details such as transformation.
Parents are responsible for their children's health, so vaccination decisions should be made with a qualified doctor. Injections, including vaccines, do not break the fast in the Hanafi school; see what breaks your fast. For a particular vaccine and its ingredients, ask a mufti.
Ask a mufti about your own case. This answer explains the general ruling. When the details of your situation matter, as they do here, ask a qualified mufti and give them the full facts. Where to ask a scholar.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-Baqara 2:195
وَأَنفِقُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا۟ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى ٱلتَّهْلُكَةِ ۛ وَأَحْسِنُوٓا۟ ۛ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ ﴿١٩٥﴾
And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good.
Protecting yourself from serious harm is part of the Shariah's care for life.
Quran, Surah Al-Baqara 2:173
إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْمَيْتَةَ وَٱلدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ ٱلْخِنزِيرِ وَمَآ أُهِلَّ بِهِۦ لِغَيْرِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ فَمَنِ ٱضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍۢ وَلَا عَادٍۢ فَلَآ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌ ﴿١٧٣﴾
He has only forbidden to you dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah. But whoever is forced [by necessity], neither desiring [it] nor transgressing [its limit], there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
Necessity lifts the sin of a forbidden ingredient when there is no alternative.
Sahih al-Bukhari 5728
Sahih... إذا سمعتم بالطاعون بأرض فلا تدخلوها ...
"If you hear of plague in a land, do not enter it."
Preventing the spread of disease is part of the Sunnah.
Sahih al-Bukhari 5707
Sahih... وفر من المجذوم كما تفر من الأسد ...
"Flee from the leper as you would flee from a lion."
Taking precautions against contagious disease is commanded.
Sunan Abi Dawud 3855
Graded sahih... تداووا فإن الله لم يضع داء إلا وضع له دواء ...
"Seek treatment, for Allah has not created a disease without creating a remedy for it."
Treatment, including prevention, is encouraged.
Where the ruling is recorded
- Radd al-Muhtar (Ibn Abidin), Kitab al-Taharah, Bab al-Miyah, on treatment with the forbidden. Treatment with a forbidden substance is allowed when a cure is known through it and no alternative exists.
- al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya, Kitab al-Karahiyya, chapter on treatment. Treatment is permitted, and the rulings on remedies containing impure substances.
This answer is pending review by the scholars on our team. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.