Short answer
Yes. Coffee, tea and caffeine are halal in all four schools, and energy drinks are permitted in principle. They become a problem only if a drink contains a haram ingredient, or if you drink so much that it harms your health, which Islam forbids. The taurine in energy drinks is normally made synthetically, not from animals.
Coffee and energy drinks are mubah (permitted). Taking them in amounts that cause real harm is makruh or haram depending on how serious the harm is.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
The four schools agree that coffee is halal. When coffee first spread in the Muslim world, some scholars debated it, but they soon settled on permissibility: caffeine makes you alert, it does not cloud the mind like alcohol, so it is not an intoxicant. Tea, cola and chocolate are the same.
Energy drinks are judged by their ingredients and their effect.
- Caffeine, sugar, vitamins: halal.
- Taurine: despite the myth, commercial taurine is made in a lab, not taken from bulls. Halal.
- Colours and flavours: usually fine, but a red drink may use carmine (see carmine), and some flavours use alcohol as a carrier.
- Alcoholic energy drinks and drinks mixed with spirits: haram.
The harm question is real. Islam forbids harming yourself, and very high caffeine intake can cause heart problems, anxiety and poor sleep. Several cans a day, energy drinks for children, or mixing them with other stimulants can cross from permitted into blameworthy. Drink in moderation, as the Quran says: eat and drink, but do not go to excess.
In Ramadan, coffee at suhoor is fine, though it can dehydrate you through the day (see suhoor). Check single ingredients with the halal food checker.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-A'raaf 7:31
۞ يَٰبَنِىٓ ءَادَمَ خُذُوا۟ زِينَتَكُمْ عِندَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍۢ وَكُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ وَلَا تُسْرِفُوٓا۟ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُسْرِفِينَ ﴿٣١﴾
O children of Adam, take your adornment at every masjid, and eat and drink, but be not excessive. Indeed, He likes not those who commit excess.
Food and drink are allowed in moderation.
Quran, Surah Al-Baqara 2:195
وَأَنفِقُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا۟ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى ٱلتَّهْلُكَةِ ۛ وَأَحْسِنُوٓا۟ ۛ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ ﴿١٩٥﴾
And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good.
Harming your health is forbidden.
Sunan Ibn Majah 2340
Graded sahih... لا ضرر ولا ضرار ...
"There is to be no harm and no harming."
The principle that limits anything taken to a harmful degree.
Where the ruling is recorded
- Radd al-Muhtar (Ibn Abidin), Kitab al-Ashriba. Ibn Abidin's discussion of coffee and the default that drinks are permitted.
This answer is pending review by the scholars on our team. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.