Short answer
Yes, but it is then a make-up (qada) prayer, not an on-time one. In the Hanafi school you wait until the sun has fully risen, roughly 15 to 20 minutes after sunrise, and then pray the two fard rakats. Do not pray during the sunrise itself.
Making up a missed Fajr is fard, and it should be done as soon as you can. No prayer is valid while the sun is rising, so you wait until it is fully up. If you make it up before midday (zawal) of the same day, you also pray the two sunnah rakats with it.
Other madhhabs
- Shafi'i
- A missed fard may be made up at once, even while the sun is rising, because the ban on praying at sunrise does not cover qada of an obligatory prayer.
- Maliki
- Missed fard prayers are made up at any time, including sunrise.
- Hanbali
- Missed fard prayers are made up at any time, including sunrise.
Explanation
Fajr time runs from true dawn until sunrise. Once the sun begins to rise, Fajr is missed and what you pray afterwards is qada (a make-up prayer). The Prophet ﷺ taught that the expiation for a prayer missed through sleep or forgetting is simply to pray it when you remember.
In the Hanafi school the moment of sunrise is one of three times when no prayer at all is valid, not even a make-up. So if you wake up as the sun is coming up, make wudu (ablution) and wait until the sun is clearly above the horizon. Most timetables treat this as about 15 to 20 minutes after the sunrise time. Then pray the two fard rakats with the intention of Fajr qada.
- Same day, before zawal: pray the two sunnah rakats first, then the two fard.
- After zawal: make up only the two fard.
- If the sun rises while you are praying Fajr: the Hanafi school holds that the prayer is broken, so you repeat it once the sun is up.
Oversleeping now and then is not a sin when you went to bed intending to wake and took the normal means, such as an alarm. The sin lies in neglect, for example staying up so late that you know you will miss it, or not caring to set an alarm. If it keeps happening, change your sleep pattern. See making up missed prayers and the forbidden times for prayer.
The evidence
Quran, Surah An-Nisaa 4:103
فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ فَٱذْكُرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ قِيَٰمًۭا وَقُعُودًۭا وَعَلَىٰ جُنُوبِكُمْ ۚ فَإِذَا ٱطْمَأْنَنتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَٰبًۭا مَّوْقُوتًۭا ﴿١٠٣﴾
And when you have completed the prayer, remember Allah standing, sitting, or [lying] on your sides. But when you become secure, re-establish [regular] prayer. Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.
Each prayer has a fixed time, so a prayer missed from its time is a debt to be paid.
Sahih Muslim 684
Sahih... من نسي صلاة فليصلها إذا ذكرها لا كفارة لها إلا ذلك ...
"Whoever forgets a prayer should pray it when he remembers it; there is no expiation for it except that."
Missed prayers are made up, and making them up is the only expiation.
Sahih Muslim 681
Sahih... ليس في النوم تفريط إنما التفريط على من لم يصل الصلاة ...
"There is no negligence in sleep; negligence is only on the one who does not pray until the time of the next prayer comes."
Sleeping through a prayer without carelessness is not a sin.
Sahih al-Bukhari 586
Sahih... لا صلاة بعد الصبح حتى ترتفع الشمس ...
"There is no prayer after Fajr until the sun has risen high."
Prayer is not offered while the sun is rising.
Where the ruling is recorded
- Nur al-Idah with Maraqi al-Falah, Chapter on the times in which prayer is disliked. No prayer, fard or otherwise, is valid at sunrise, zenith or sunset, except that day's Asr.
- al-Durr al-Mukhtar with Radd al-Muhtar, Chapter on make-up prayers (qada al-fawa'it). Making up missed fard is fard; the Fajr sunnah is made up with it before zawal of the same day.
This answer is pending review by the scholars on our team. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.